Neurosurgery is a field where millimeters matter and precision saves lives. Among the many delicate techniques we use, microanastomosis stands as a cornerstone—one that has defined cerebrovascular surgery for decades. Yet, in recent years, it has been overshadowed by newer interventions, often perceived as too challenging or too time-consuming in the fast-paced world of modern neurosurgery. But the truth is, microanastomosis is more relevant today than ever. With the rise of ultramicroneurosurgery, powered by high-magnification exoscopes and cutting-edge visualization tools, we are entering a new era of surgical precision. Whether it’s salvaging the penumbra in stroke patients, performing complex bypasses for aneurysms, or preserving crucial neural structures in skull base surgery, the ability to restore and reconstruct microvascular pathways is an invaluable skill that every young neurosurgeon must master. This book is our effort to bring microanastomosis back to the forefront of neurosurgery. It is not just a technical manual but a roadmap—showing how this skill can transform outcomes in the operating room. Through personal experience, case studies, and technological insights, I hope to inspire the next generation of neurosurgeons to embrace and refine this essential craft.

If you are holding this book, you are already on the path to mastering one of the most intricate yet rewarding techniques in neurosurgery. Let’s keep this art alive.

It is with great enthusiasm and a profound sense of purpose that I present “Progress in Neurosurgery Update – Volume 2.” This volume is the culmination of extensive collaboration, meticulous research, and the collective expertise of dedicated professionals in the field of neurosurgery.

Our primary objective is to equip the next generation of neurosurgeons with the knowledge, skills, and confidence essential for excelling in this intricate and demanding specialty. This manual also reflects the core values of the Neurosurgery Academy and Research Foundation: a commitment to excellence, innovation, and education. We believe that teaching and mentoring are integral to the advancement of neurosurgery, and this book stands as a testament to that belief. By sharing our knowledge and experience, we aspire to inspire continuous learning and foster a spirit of collaboration within the neurosurgical community

“A Practical Manual for Full Endoscopic Spine Surgery,” co-authored with Dr. Sukumar Sura and experts from across the country, pro¬vides an in-depth exploration of endoscopic spine procedures. Integrating detailed case-based discussions, this manual offers essential insights into the complexities of minimally invasive spine surgery. Suitable for both begin¬ners and experienced practitioners, it covers critical techniques, patient selection, and challenges in endoscopic spine surgery. A joint venture publication with the Neuroendoscopic Society of India (NESI), Neurosurgery Academy and Research Foundation (NARF), and Bharath Academy of Spine Endoscopy (BASE), this manual is designed to assist young neurosurgeons in learning endoscopic spine surgery early in their careers. It serves as a crucial resource for refining skills, advancing knowledge, and improving patient outcomes in spinal surgery.

Microneurosurgery of aneurysms demands a high level of precision, a deep understanding of neuroanatomy, and the ability to navigate some of the most critical areas of the human body. As our knowledge of cerebrovascular pathophysiology has grown, so too has the sophistication of our surgical techniques, enabling the treatment of once inoperable conditions and improving patient outcomes across the spectrum. While there has been a shift to endovascular management of aneurysms, microsurgery still holds a prominent place in management of aneurysms. With this textbook, the reader is guided through this delicate balance, acquiring the knowledge and skills necessary to navigate one of the most intricate areas of surgery. It is a work that reflects the progress we have made and the future that awaits in the treatment of cerebral aneurysms.

Neurovascular surgery is a discipline in constant evolution, shaped by advances in microsurgical techniques and the rapid development of endovascular technologies. These parallel trajectories have expanded the therapeutic armamentarium available to clinicians, creating an era of unprecedented opportunities for patient care. The purpose of this volume is to provide a comprehensive and authoritative reference at this critical juncture, guiding practitioners through the principles, applications, and evolving paradigms of contemporary neurovascular management.

Although the main clinical presentation and complication of corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is respiratory illness, systemic manifestations, and complications, especially the neurological ones, are highlighted in the literature. It is reported that some patients infected with COVID-19 have been diagnosed with typical Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) or its variants, as well as other demyelinating neuropathies such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies (CIDP). Furthermore, there is an increment in the occurrence of critical illness neuropathy and myopathy during acute COVID-19 and long COVID-19 periods. Electrophysiological diagnostic tests such as the nerve conduction study and needle electromyography have a fundamental role in the evaluation of peripheral nervous system disorders and help confirm the diagnosis of neuropathies and myopathies.

This practical manual was born from a multidisciplinary commitment to unravel the complexities of this condition. Our objective is to provide a clear, concise, and directly applicable guide for clinicians at the forefront of patient care. Within these pages, we have distilled our collective experience into a structured journey through the craniopharyngioma management—from the foundational principles of anatomy and radiology to the intricate nuances of both microscopic and endoscopic surgical approaches.

The Skullbasecon Atlas is a curated reflection of this journey. Each report within these pages captures not only surgical technique and anatomical nuance but also the spirit of perseverance, ingenuity, and dedication to patient care that defines our field. The diversity of cases—from tertiary referral centers in metropolitan cities to pioneering work in resource-limited settings— underscores the vast talent and determination present within the Indian neurosurgical community.

Proponents of the direct anterior approach for hip replacement maintain, that the use of an intermuscular plane to access the hip, without detaching any tendons, results in less trauma to the soft tissues and a quicker recovery from the procedure. The approach itself can be suitably modified to a minimally invasive technique using specialist instrumentation, which can benefit patients. Rapid initial recovery from surgery is high on the list of priorities for various healthcare systems, as this could potentially translate into a reduction in the average length of hospital stay for patients and the possibility to perform day case hip replacement.

Neurosurgery is a field that is highly demanding but equally rewarding. These neurosurgeons must be dedicated and passionate about the field in order to produce the best results. This passion for Neurosurgery must be cultivated from a young age. Neurosurgeons must be forged from the embers of eager undergraduate minds that simmer with fascination for the field.

Neurosurgery presents a vast and challenging landscape, especially when it comes to exam preparation. Candidates often feel overwhelmed by the breadth of material, as final neurosurgical examinations leave nothing “off limits”. Preparing for the theory examination differs significantly from the clinical and viva examinations. In the latter, examinees must respond quickly and accurately to the questions posed by examiners, requiring both knowledge and reflexive thinking.

Abstracts presented in this book reflect the academic commitment and research enthusiasm of faculty and trainees. I sincerely thank all contributors and the distinguished faculty whose expertise has enriched the scientific program.